In high-end equipment design, materials determine the limit. This article provides equipment engineers with a directly usable selection logic for special material bearings, covering the five most common extreme working conditions.

1. High-temperature working conditions (>200℃)
   • 200–350℃: high-temperature stainless steel, heat-resistant steel
   • 350–600℃: high-temperature alloys (M50, Inconel)

   • 600–1000℃: full ceramic bearings (Si₃N₄)

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2. Strong corrosion working conditions (acid / alkali / seawater / salt spray)
   • Food / clean water: 316L
   • Seawater / high salt: 2205 duplex steel
   • Strong acid / chemical engineering: Hastelloy

   • Super corrosion / insulation: full ceramic

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3. Non-magnetic / insulating working conditions (medical / testing / semiconductor)
   • Weak non-magnetic: 316L
   • Fully non-magnetic: non-magnetic alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy

   • Insulation / anti-static: ceramics, engineering plastics

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4. High vacuum / clean working conditions (semiconductor / aerospace)
   • Low outgassing: 316L electrolytic polishing
   • Ultra-high vacuum: ceramics, PEEK, PI

   • Dust-free: full ceramic, mirror polishing

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5. High-speed / high-precision working conditions (spindle / motor)
   • High-speed and low heat generation: hybrid ceramic bearings
   • Ultra-high precision: full ceramic, Si₃N₄

   • Lightweight and high-speed: titanium alloy + ceramic rolling elements

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One-Sentence Summary

• For high speed, high temperature and insulation → ceramic bearings
• For corrosion resistance and high cost performance → high-performance stainless steel
• For lightweight, self-lubrication and cleanliness → engineering plastics

• For non-magnetism, vacuum and high precision → non-magnetic alloy / titanium alloy

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